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Difficulty reading words in isolation (single words)

Difficulty accurately decoding (sounding out) unfamiliar words

Difficulty with oral reading (slow, inaccurate, or labored)

Difficulty spelling

Difficulty segmenting, blending, and manipulating sounds in words (phonemic awareness)

Trouble learning the names of letters and their sounds

Difficulty holding information about sounds/words in memory (phonological memory)

Struggles with rapidly recalling the names of familiar objects, colors, or letters of the alphabet (rapid naming)

In the absence of print, the child can understand content

It is a surprise child is having difficulties learning to read

Can do much better on assignments if they are read aloud

Variable difficulty with aspects of reading comprehension

Variable difficulty with aspects of written language

Limited vocabulary growth due to reduced reading experiences